Apparatus for and process of making nuts



Aug. 22, 1939. Y J. A. FITCH 2,170,473

APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS. OF MAKING NUTS Filed De c. 23, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet i %.J. 18 J4" I q A A 2i A 4 i I I SMO'LMCHS Aug. 22, 1939. I J. A. FITCH 2,170,473

- APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF'MAKING NUTS Filed Dec. 25, 1957 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 W -25 72150 A.F7Tcn 26 f //A i Gum/M11 5 Aug. 22, 193 9. J. A. FITCH APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING NUTS Filed Dec. 25, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Aug. 22, 1939. J. A. FITCH 2,170,473

APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING NUTS Filed Dec. 23, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 7250 xii 6A Aug. 22, 1939. cH 2,170,473

APPARATUSFOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING NUTS Filed Dec. 23, 1937 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 J01 J06 J06 J00 10 2 69 99 95 90 LZ45O/VJ4. /709 Aug. 22, 1939;

J. A. FITCH APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING NUTS Filed Dec. 23, 1937 V 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Aug. 22, 1939. J. A. FITCH APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING NUTS Filed Dec. 23, 1957 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Patented Aug. 22, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Jason A. Fitch, Youngstown, Ohio Application December 23, 1937, Serial No. 181,400

11 Claims.

My invention relates to new and useful improvements in an apparatus for and a process of making nuts of the .so-called clincher type in which there is a projecting flange or protrusion from one face adapted to be positioned in and through an opening formed in an object to which the nut is to be attached, the flange or protrusion being turned over the opposite face of the object to that against which the nut is positioned and thereby clinching and securely holding the nut to the object.

The principal object of the invention resides in the provision of a novel process and apparatus wherein a nut of the character described may be quickly and cheaply made with but a few op.- erations, the blank from which the nut is formed being cut or pressed from a plate or strip of material and reformed to provide the nut having the flange or protrusion from one face thereof.

Another object of the invention consists inthe provision of novel means whereby a clincher type of nut may be formed with a bulge" from that face opposite to the one from which the flange or protrusion extends, this bulge providing a threaded opening of greater length thanin the ordinary form of nut.

With the above and other objects in view, which will appear as the description proceeds, my invention consists in the novel details of construction, and. arrangement of parts, described in the following specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and while I have illustrated and described the preferred embodimerits of the apparatus for carrying forward the process 'or method which will be described and claimed it will be understood that such changes may be made as will fall within the scope of the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a fragmental transverse vertical section. with parts shown in elevation, showing the initial position of the apparatus with a plate or strip supported and from which the blank to form the nut is to be pressed.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the parts in position after the blank has been pressed from the plate or strip.

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section, with parts 7 shown in elevation, showing the positions of the parts aiter the blank has been pressed from the strip or plate, the blank being in position in the before being knocked therefrom.

is a fragmental sectional detail. with in elevation, showing the blank being knocked out from the die.

(Cl. Hi -78) Fig. is a transverse vertical section showing the blank formed in the operations disclosed in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive.

Fig. 6 illustrates a fragmental transverse vertical section, with parts in elevation, showing the 6 blank disclosed in Fig. 5 reversed and supported for what might be termed the second operation in forming the nut.

Fig. '7 is a fragmental sectional detail illustrating the die of Fig. 6 in lowered position and forming the blank illustrated in Fig. 6 into a. mass formation of frustro-conical shape.

Fig. 8 shows the die of Figs. 6 and 7 in raised position after the operation shown in Fig. 7 and the shaped mass in position to be knocked from the die.

Fig. 9' is a fragmental sectional detail, with parts in elevation, showing the mass formation being knocked or stripped from the die shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a vertical section, with parts shown in elevation, showing the mass formation disclosed in Figs. 8 and 9 positioned for what might be termed the last operation and in this figure the center pin is shown lowered into engagement with the mass.

Fig. 11 is a fragmental sectional detail showing the second step in the last operation in which the flange forming sleeve is shown in engagement with the mass.

Fig. 12 is. a sectional detail showing a spring member for returning the shearing die, to be described, to its original normal position.

Fig. 13 is .a sectional detail with the parts in the position shown in Fig. 11 of the drawings.

Fig. 14 is a sectional detail showing the parts in position with the clinching flange formed on the face of the nut.

Fig. 15 is a view similar to Fig. 14 showing the edge shearing die in its lowered position with the nut completed.

Fig. 16' is a sectional .detail, with parts shown in elevation, showing the first step in the formation of a nut of a somewhat modified construction having ,a bulge on the opposite face as of the nut from which the flange protrudes.

Fig. 17 is a sectional detail showing the parts.

of Fig. 16 in position after having stamped a blank from the sheet or strip of material.

Fig. 18 is a detail showing the ptmched blank at Fig. 17 positioned in thedie.

Fig. 1% is a sectional detail showing the formation of the blank of Figs. 17 and it removed from the die.

Fig. 20 shows a sectional detail with the blank formation of Figs. 17, 18 and 19 in position for formation into a mass of the form shown in Fig.

- centering member in lowered position in engagement with the mass.

Fig. 25 is a fragmental sectional detail showing the parts in position to form the clincher flange on the face of the nut.

Fig. 26 is a fragmental sectional detail showing the clincher flange completed;. and I,

Fig. 2'? shows' the positions of the parts of Figs. 24 to 26 inclusive after completing the nut, the shearing die being in its lowermost position.

In Figs. 1 to 15inclusive I have illustrated the process of and apparatus for forming av clincher type of nut having a flange or protrusion from one face thereof while in Figs. 16 to 2'7 inclusive of the drawings I have illustrated the method of and apparatus for making a nut of the clincher type having a flange or protrusion from one face and what may be termed a bulge or projection from the opposite face, this bulge or projection providing additional length for the threaded opening and saving the material of the opening or recess formed in the initial steps.

As the specific formation of punch or press forms no particular part of my present invention I have not illustrated. in the drawings, the complete machines or apparatus for carrying forward the process which will be set forth but I have only illustrated a suflicient part of the apparatus or apparatuses for carrying forward the process or processes which will be described and claimed, it being thought that the portions of the apparatus shown will clearly set forth the steps in the process. 7

In that process of and apparatus for making the clincher nut, illustrated in Figs. 1 to 15 inclusive of the drawings, I have shown and de scribed what might be termed three operations, the first operation being that of punching a blank from a sheet or strip ofmaterial and forming the same into cup shape, the second operation being the formation of the blank, provided in the first operation, into what may be termed a mass of frusto-coni-cal shape in which the side of the mass will be of tapered formation, the bottom will be curved, and a recess will be formed inthe upper surface, and the third or final operation consists in taking the mass produced in the second operation and forming the same into the configuration of a nut having an opening therein and a protrusion or flange from. one face and then shearing the edge of the edge portion of the body to provide a straight edge for the completed nut. In that process and apparatus illustrated in Figs. 16 to 27 inclusive of ,the drawings I have 5 shown substantially the same operations. There are three operations to form the-completed nut illustrated in Fig. 2'1 of the drawings, it being understood that the showing in this figure isof a completed-nut with the exception of threading the central bore. In carrying out this latter process in the first operation a blank is stamped from a sheet-or strip of material and formed with a concaved face and the opposite face proconcaved face.

vided with what may be termed a bulge or projection, a recess being formed centrally of the shaped blank, but not providing a complete opening therethrough. This first operation is carried forward in the manner as more particularly set forth or illustrated in Figs. 16 and 17 of the drawings. In Figs. 20 and 21 I have illustrated the second operation in which the blank of the configuration shown in Fig. 19 is seated upon a support, as shown in Fig. 20 and then formed into the mass of the shape shownin Fig. 21 of the drawings. In Figs. 24 to 27 of the drawings I have shown the'third or final operation in which the shaped mass, shown in Figs. 21 and 23, is positioned upon a support as shown in Fig. 24 and is then pressed to provide the formation shown in Fig. 26, a protrusion extending from one face while the flange or projection, for clinching, extends from the opposite face. As a final movement a die operates to shear and straighten the edge of the nut, as shown more particularly in Fig. 27 of the drawings, and in this operation apunch is operated to form a complete opening through the nut. This opening will later be threaded In the construction disclosed in Figs. 1 to 15 inclusive of the drawings a base is shown at I and yieldably supported on the base, by means of the springs 2, is what might be termed a bed 3 having an opening 4 therein and into which opening projects the punch 5 having a rounded upper end-as shown at' 6. This punch 5 is carried by the base I and guide pins for the bed 3 are shown at 1, these pins being provided with enlarged heads 8 which operate in openings 9 formed in the base I. A strip or plate ID of steel,'or other material is adapted to be supported upon the bed 3, as shown more particularly in Fig. 1 of the drawings, and a blank for the nut will be struck from this sheet or plate in a manner which will be apparent as the description proceeds. At II I have shown a support, carrying a cutting die l2, and this cutting die is provided with a'vertical opening l3 terminating in the enlarged recess or opening H. The lower edge of the opening l3 is beveled as shown at IE to provide a slight radius and slidably mounted in the opening I3 is what might be termed a knock-out pin l6 having the enlarged head portion l1 operable in the recess oropening I4. This knock-out pin will be operated from a rod 18. The punch 5 is provided at its upper end with a pointed projection l9 and a similar projection 20 is provided on the lower end of the knock-out pin 16. As the first step in my improved process of forming the nut, the strip of material Illv will be positioned as shown more particularly in Fig. 1 of the drawings and the support II will be lowered by suitable mechanism, forming no part of the present invention, and will carry with it the die l2 and knock-out pin I6. As the head is lowered the projection 20 of the knock-out pin will initially engage the strip of material and when it does contact therewith'the pin will be held and the die I2 will continue its downward movement to cut a blank from the strip of material I and during the downward movement of course the bed 3 will be lowered against the action of the springs 2 and the punch will be projected through the material and cooperating with the die 12 cut a blank of the shape shownmore particularly at 2| in Fig. 5 of the drawings with a recess 22 in its upper surface and a recess 23 in its lower or In this formation the blank 2| is also formed with the vertical edge portion 24. When the blank has beencut the parts will be in the positions shown more particularly in Fig. 2 of the drawings and thenthe support H, with its associated die and punch. will be raised into the position shown in Fig. 3 of the drawingslwith the blank 2| positioned in the opening l3 beneath the pin it as shown. As a next operation the pin i 6 will be lowered into the position shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings and knock out the blank as shown.

The second step in the operation of forming the complete nut is shown more particularlyin Figs.

6 to 9 inclusive of the drawings. The blank 2|, shown in Fig. 5, is placed on and supported by a punch 25, carried by the base 26, and in positioning the blank 2! upon this punch the convex surface thereof is supported in a concaved end portion of the punch. At 21 I have shown a reciprocable member, operated in any desired manner forming no part of the present invention,and this support carries the die 28 having the vertically extending opening 25 merging at its lower end with the flared opening 33 and at its upper and communicating with an enlarged recess 3| which in turn communicates with a somewhat larger recess or opening 32. Received and slidable in the recess 3| is the sleeve 33 having at its upper end an enlarged head 3% operable in the recess 32 and at its lower end an extension 35 operable in the opening 29. This extension 35 is formed at its lower end with the reduced portion 36 and also has a center bore in which is received and operates a centering or knockout pin 31 having the plug 40 at its upper end and the enlarged I "head 38 of the pin 31 at its lower end. At 42 I have shown a passage for introducing lubricant from the pipe 53.

In the second operation, as disclosed in Figs. 6 to 9 inclusive of the drawings, the blank 2i is initially positioned on the punch 25, as shown, and then the support 21 is lowered and carries with it the die 28 and associated parts. The end of the pin 3'! will initially engage the recess 23 in the concaved face of the, blank 25 to properly center the blank, a pointed projection #3 being formed on the upper end of the punch 25 to be received in the recess 22 of the blank. A further lowering of the support 27 will engage the reduced end 36 with the concaved face of the blank and a further downward movement of the support and die 28 will cause the tapered recess portion 30 of the die to engage the blank and due to pressure force the same into a mass of substantially frusto-conical form. -It will be noted that the upper end of the punch is tapered as shown at 44 and when received in the tapered portion 30 of the die there will be the space 65 shown more particularly in Fig. l of the drawings and this space permits the formation of a flange 45 around the bottom edge of the mass shown vheld as shown to provide the space El. Rods 52 are connected to the enlarged end 34 of the sleeve 33 and act as guides. When the support 21 and die 28 with associated parts are raised into the position shown in Fig. 8 oi. the drawings the mass '41 will be carried in the tapered recess so but will be knocked out by the lowering of the pin 3i by the action of the spring 4|. In Fig. 9 of the drawings I have illustrated the mass after having been knocked from the recess.

In Figs. 10 to 15 of the drawings I have illus-' trated what might be termed the last or finishing operation. Referring more particularly .to Fig. 100i the drawings a base is illustrated at 53 and secured to this base by means of the screws 54 or other suitable iastenings is a collar 55 through which is positioned a sleeve 56 having a reduced opening 57 at its upper end and an enlarged opening 58 at its lower end. The frustoconical mass Q? is adapted to be positioned on the top oi the sleeve 56 as shown more particularly in Fig. 10 of the drawings. At 59 and 66 I have shown cross heads, a cam slide 69 being connected to the cross head 59 while a cam slide 62 is connected to the cross head 60.. Operable with the cam slide 68 and cross head 59 is a block $3 having openings 64 therein for the upper ends of the pins 65 and the purpose of these pins 65 will be later brought out. Also secured to the cross head 59, through means of the screw plug to, is a rod Bil having its lower end reduced to provide the pin 68. Secured to the cross head (ill is the plate 69 and block ill, a sleeve ll surrounding the block 163, as shown, and provided with an inwardly directed flange 72. The block id is provided in its upper surface with a recess E3 in which is received the enlarged head M of a downwardly directed sleeve 75, the lower end of which is reduced as shown at 76. The lower ends of the rods 65 engage the upper surface of the enlarged head M, as shown, and surrounding the rod 6'3 is a coiled, spring 71, the upper end of which is received in the recess 78, while the lower end bears against the enlarged head it of the sleeve 75. A ring 79 ispositioned in the sleeve H and secured to this ring, by means of the band 88, is a shearing or cutting die 8! which has a central bore to'receive the sleeve 82. It will be noted that the band 80 is of such a diameter as formed by the inner face of the flange E2 of the sleeve ll. Extending through alignedopenings in the cross head plate 69 and block ill are vertically extending pins 83 the upper ends of which are adapted to be engaged by the under surface of the cross head 59 while their lower ends are adapted to engage" the upper surface of the ring 79.

As has been previously stated initially the mass 41 will be supported on the upper end of the sleeve 56 and as the cross head 58 is .lowered through operation of the cam slide 62 the lower end of the sleeve 75 will be engaged in the recess d9 of the mass thereby centering the mass and holding the same, as shown more particularly in Fig. 10 of the drawings. A further downward movement of the cross head brings the parts into the position shown more particularly in Fig, 14 of the drawings and the mass is reshaped to provide the nut body having a flange projecting from one face, as shown. In this movement it will be noted that it is 'the lower end of the sleeve 82 which presses and reshapes the mass and the lower end of the pin 68 is brought into engagement with the recess 23. This pin to is lowered through operation of the cross head 59,

- to be received within the diameter of the bore operated through means of the cam slide 6i. When the nut has thus been formed it is only necessary to straighten or shear the edges of the body of the nut and this is accomplished by a further downward movement of the die or cutter 8|. The die 8I is operated through engagement of the cross head 58 with the pins 83 and as the cross head lowers it forces these pins downwardly and forces the parts into the position shown more particularly in Fig. 15 of the drawings. This further downward movement of the cross head 58 further lowers the pin 88 and causes the same to punch a hole through the body of the nut and this hole or opening will be later described. The block I8 is formed with a recess 84 in which operates the head 85 of the screw 88 connected to the ring 18 which carries the die or cutter 8|. Surrounding the shank of the screw, within the recess 84, is a coiled spring 8'| which acts, in the return upward movement of the parts, to draw the die or cutter BI from the nut and to free the same. It will be appreciated that some such means must be provided due to the frictional engagement of the cutter or die with the edge of the nut.

As has been previously stated, in Figs. 16 to 27 inclusive of the drawings, I have disclosed the process of and apparatus for making a nut similar to that disclosed in Figs. 1 to 15 inclusive of the drawings with the exception that on that face opposite to the one having the clincher flange I have provided a bulge or projection which increases the length of the threaded opening through the nut. In Figs. 16 to 19 inclusive I have shown the process of and apparatus for carrying forward the first operation in making this modified form of nut. In Fig. 16' of the drawings I have shown a base 88 which supports the bed 88 which carries the strip or sheet of material shown at. 88. Interposed between the base 88 and bed 88 are coiled springs 8I which normally support the bed 88 in its raised position. Depending screws 82 are secured to the under surface of the bed 88 and extend through openings in the base with their heads 83 operating in the recesses 84 in the base. Projecting upwardly from the base is a punch 85 which is slidably mounted and-.hasits lower end enlarged to provide the head 86 operable in the recess 81. The upper end of the punch is rounded as shown at 88 and the entire punch has an opening therethrough to receive the pin 98 having its enlarged head I88 secured in a recess of the base by means of the screw plug WI. The punch 85 will slide on the pin 88. Secured to the under side ofthe base 88, by means of the depending screws I82, are the plates I83 and I84 which are normally held in spaced position by the coiled springs I85. Interposed between the upper surface of the plate I88 and the under surface of the head 85 of the punch 85 are the slidable pins I86. Carried by a support I81 .is a die I88 in which is slidably mounted a plunger I89 having its lower end concaved as shown at H8 and its upper end enlarged as shown at III, this enlarged head I H operating in a recess H2 formed in the die. A rod H3 is secured to the plunger, as shown, and will act to operate the plunger in a manner which will be later described. While either the support I81 or the base 88 and associated parts may be adapted for reciprocable movement I have illustrated, in Fig. 17 of the drawings, that the. base and associated parts may be operated or moved relative to the die I88. However, as I have previously stated, the operating mechanism forms 'ing the opening no part of the present invention. With the sheet or strip of material 88 supported on the bed 88, as shown, the base 88 and associated parts may be raised into the position shown in Fig. 1'1 of the drawings. It will be noted that the strip of material will initially engage th ..lower end of the plunger I88 and force the same upwardly into the die |88.. The strip 88 will engage the 10 'er surface of the die I88 and thereby retard the movement of the bed 88. Further movement of the base 88 will cause the punch 85 'to press a blank from the strip or sheet of material and said blank will be forced upwardly .into the recess'of the die'causing the plunger I88 to be raised into the position shown in Fig. 17. At the same time the pin 88 will rise relative to the punch 85 and punch a recess into the underside of the shaped blank. When the bed 88 and associated parts are moved to their lowered position the shapedblank will remain in the recess of the die, as shown more particularly in Fig. 18 of the drawings, and then through means of the rod H3 the plunger I88 will be lowered to eject the shaped blank, as shown more particularly in Fig. 19 of the drawings. The shaped blank is I indicated generally at I u having the vertical side wall H5, concaved recessed bottom surface H8 and the bulge or projection H1. The recess extending from the concaved face H8, formed by the pin 88, is shown at H8 and as shown this recess will not extend entirely through the blank. In Figs. 28 to 23 inclusive I have shown the process of and apparatus for carrying forward the second operation in-the formation of the modified form of nut. In carrying forward the second operation the shaped blank shown in Fig. 18 is reversed and supported on the member H8 hav- I28 therethrough as shown more particularly in Fig. 21 of the drawings. The upper end of the member H8 is formed with the recess I2I to receive the bulge III of the blank. At I22 I have shown a die having the flared recess I23 which communicates with the opening I24 leading to the enlarged recess I25 which in turn communicates with the further enlarged recess I26. Slidably mounted in-the opening I24 is the punch I21 having its lower end reduced as shown at I28 while its upper end is enlarged as shown at I28 and I38 tobe received. respectively in the recesses I25 and I26. The punch I2! is formed with a longitudinally extending opening in which is slidably mounted a pin I3I having the enlarged head I32 operable in the recess I33. A screw plug I34 is received in the upper end of the recess I33 and a coiled spring I35 is interposed between the plug I34 and-head I32 to normally hold the pin I3I in its lowermost position. I have illustrated the member H9 as being movable relative to the die I22 andwith theblank H4 in position the member I I8 will be raised into the position shown in Fig. 21 of the drawings and the blank will be forced into the'tapered recess I23 and reshaped as shown. It will be notedthat the end of the pin I3I engages in the recess H8 of the blank and as the blank is reshaped the vertical wall H5 of the initially shaped blank is reshaped to provide the tapered wall I38 with a circular flange I31 as shown more particularly in Fig. 23. The

flange I3! is formed by pressing a certain amount of the metal into the space I38 formed between the upper end of the member H8 and the wall of the tapered portion or tapered recess.I23. With the blank itself reshaped the member H8 will be lowered into the position shown in Fig. 22 and then the reshaped blank is removed forming the blank will be the same.

ing' 120.

In Figs. 24 to 2'7 inclusive of the drawings I have illustrated the third operation in carrying forward the process and in which, the apparatus used is of a construction similar {to that shown in Figs. 10 to 15 inclusive of the drawings. The blank shown in Fig. 23 is adapted to be supported on the member I39 having the central opening I and a recess Ill at its upper end,

the bulge or projection of the blank being seated in the recess I as quite clearly illustrated. As stated the construction shown in Figs. 24 to 27 inclusive is the same as that shown in Figs. 10 to 15 inclusive and the operation in reshaping or In Figs. 24 to 27 inclusive the part 942 corresponds to the block iii of Fig. 10, the die or cutter 1 13 corresponds to the die or cutter ill, the punch or pin Mt corresponds to the punch or pin 68, the spring M5 corresponds to the spring H, the rods it correspond to the rods 65, the head id? corresponds and serves the same purpose as the head i i, the sleeve M8 corresponds to the sleeve 82, the member 539 corresponds with the member l5 and has the reduced extension 55% corresponding to the reduced extension 76, the ring lei corresponds to the ring 59 and the band it? corresponds with the band Bil. As in the operation set forth in connection with Figs. 10 to 15 in-. elusive of the drawings the lower end of the memleer M9 will be received in. the recess of the shaped blank and then the parts will be lowered so that the sleeve M8 engages the side beveled wall are and reshapes the blank into the shape shown in Fig. 26 with a flange projecting from the upper face of the blank; Then the die or cutter bid will be further lowered with the punch or pin M l so that the die or cutter will shear and straighten the outer edge of the blank and the punch or pin will force the disc its from the end of the recess ill? to complete the opening through the nut as shown more particularly in Fig. 27 0f the drawings. Fig. 27 of thedrawings shows the complete formation of the nut with a clincher flange extending from one face and a bulge or projection extending from the opposite face.

In carrying out the second and third operations for forming each of the two forms of nut it will be noted that the blanks or masses are supported on a stationary abutment or support and that when pressure is applied to the blank or mass the desired shape is obtained and in the third operation a flat face or surface is provided on the nut;

Having fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The process of forming a nut with a projection from one face which comprises initially forming a blank into cupped-shape without forming an opening therethrough, next'reshaping the cupped shaped blanktinto an imperforated mass having a bottom, tapered side wall and recessed upper surface, and finally reshaping the mass into nut formation with the projection from one face thereof, the hole being formed in the nut in this final reshaping.

2. The process of forming a nut with a projection from one face which comprises initially removing a blank from a strip ofmaterial and forming the same into cupped-shape without forming an opening therethrough next reshaping the cupped-shaped blank into an imperforated mass having a bottom, tapered side wall and recessed upper surface, and finally reshaping the mass into nut formation with the projection from one face thereof, the hole being formed in the nut in this final reshaping.

3. The process of forming a nut with a prolectlon from one face which comprises initially forming a blank into cupped-shape without forming an opening therethrough, next reshaping the cupped-shaped blank into an imperforated mass having a bottom with an outwardly directed cir cumierentially extending flange, tapered side wall and recessed upper surface, and' finally reshaping the mass into nut formation with the proiection from one face thereof, the hole being formed in the nut in this final reshaping.

l. The process of forming a nut with a projection from one face which comprises initially forming a blank into cupped-shape without forming an opening therethrough, next reshaping the cupped-shaped blank into an imperforated mass having a bottom, tapered side wall and recessed upper surface, and finally reshaping the mass into nut formation with the projection from one face thereof, the edge of the nut being sheared and the hole being formed therein in the final reshaping.

5. The process of forming a nut jection from one face which comprises initially removinga blank from a strip of material and forming the same into cupped-shape without forming an opening therethrough, next reshaping the cupped-shaped blank into an imperforated mass having a bottom, tapered side wall and recessed upper surface, and finally reshaping the mass into nut formation with the projection from one face thereof, the edge of the nut being sheared and the hole being formed therein in the ing an opening therethrough, next reshaping the cupped-shaped blank into an imperforated mass having a rounded bottom, tapered side wall and recessed upper surface, and finally reshaping the mass into nut formation with the projection from one face thereof, the hole being formed in the nut in the final reshaping.

'7. The process of forming a nut with a projection from one face which comprises initially forming a blank into a shape having a concaved face and a bulge from the opposite face, next reshaping the blank into an imperforated mass having a bottom, tapered side wall and recessed upper surface, and finally reshaping the mass into nut formation with a projection from one face and a bulge from the opposite face.

8. The process of forming a, nut with a projection from one face which comprises initially removing a blank from a strip of material and forming the same into a shape having a concaved face and a bulge from the opposite face, next reshaping the blank into an imperforated mass having a bottom, tapered side wall and recessed upper surface, and finally reshaping the mass into nut formation with the projection from with a prothe one face thereof and a bulge from the opslidable member for initially engaging and centering the mass, a second slidable member for pressing the mass, and a third slidable member ior shearing the side wall.

10. In apparatus for making nuts, cooperating die members for cutting a blank and forming the same into cupped-shape, means for supporting the cupped-shaped blank and means cooperating therewith for reshaping the blankinto an imperforated mass having a bottom, tapered side wall and recessed upper surface, a second support for the shaped and means cooperating with the second support {or reshaping the mass into nut formation with a projection from one race thereof, said last mentioned means including a member for initially engaging and centering the mass, 8. second member for pressing the .mass,

and a third member for shearing the. side wall.

11. In apparatus for making nuts,cooperating die members for cutting a blank and forming the same with a concaved recess in one face and a bulge from the opposite face, means for supporting the shaped blank and means cooperating therewith for reshaping the same into an imperforated mass having a bottom, tapered sides and recessed upper surface, a second support for, the shaped mass, and means cooperating with the second support for reshaping the mass into nut formation with a projection from one face thereof and a bulge fromzthe opposite lace.

JASON A. FITCH. 

